In this experiment we used a variety of methods to examine the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. Chemical Properties of Hydrocarbons 1. Conclusion and Recommendations In the experiment, it is successful to differentiate alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons through their properties such as solubility as the unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons distinguished by using solubility test also. Write a full lab report (description of experiment, methods, data, analysis . 1.081g of Salicylic acid was obtained after the first synthesis. Political Competency.docx. The rate of reaction is dependent on the formation of a carbocation intermediate from the alkyl halide. Post-lab Questions: CHEM M52LA Experiment 8 Page 5 1) Secondary alkyl halides can undergo S N2 and S N1 reactions. Hydrocarbons. CONCLUSION: 1) The alcohols are classified as primary (1), secondary (2) and tertiary (3) alcohols. Aliphatic. Alternatively, there is an image upload button . (2) Alkenes - These are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Explains about which hydrocarbons are halide and reactive to the unknown compounds. The expected results within physical properties for hydrocarbons is that they . In addition, 'free' carbon-centered radicals react rapidly with so far undamaged polymer . Test Results (Positive/Negative) Cyclohexene . The laboratory report is a formal report of the experiment performed. Reaction with nitrous acid Dissolve the amine (0.5 mL . 4. REPORT SUMMARY 2. 2. using hydrocarbons as fuel. The mechanism that was involved was a fairly basic one, but one that reinforces some of the basic ideas in organic chemistry. A ketone contains two alkyl groups attached to the C of the carbonyl group. Two specific combustion reactions are shown below. 1. water. Fluorescein Reaction: The anhydrides of aromatic 1,2-dicarboxylic acids on heating with resorcinol gives a dye fluorescein. Cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon and cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon due to the presence of double bond. Mechanical systems utilize this energy to do work. Lab report 6. All of these studies demonstrate how . It is the amount of heat evolved when 1 g molecule of it is completely oxidised. Answers for Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions For all combustion reactions of hydrocarbons or hydrogen-carbon-oxygen molecules, the products will always be CO2 and H2O (assuming a complete reaction). . 2.5.8 explain that cracking involves the breakdown of larger saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) into smaller more useful ones, some of which are unsaturated (alkenes); and; 2.5.16 determine the presence of a C=C using bromine water; 2) Alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehydes . For this experiment, the hydrocarbons involved are aliphatic. Alkenes and alkynes undergo an addition reaction with bromine . Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. If the Welcome to BrainMass. Due to the unshared electron pair, amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles. Rinse the test tubes with water, then with a small portion of acetone, then with a small portion of C. Krhnke, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012 8.14.2 Thermo-Oxidative Degradation. It was thin, short white crystals and had a melting point range or 154-155 degrees Celsius. using known hydrocarbons, and then you will perform the same tests on an unknown hydrocarbon so as to determine its chemical class. atoms that shows characteristics set of properties. Lab 2.doc; Solution Preview. Comparing results for Part 1 and Part 2, which is a faster reaction for secondary alkyl halides, an . lab report on organic compounds in foods kibin. A functional group is a chemically bond. Insert the stem of a separatory funnel into a cork . Parts A, B and D. Chemical Tests of Alcohols and Aldehydes + Nuc CNuc +X. In this lab you will determine some of the properties of a small group of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. . 2. Aromatic Hydrocarbons such as toluene will be used in each of the following experiments. . INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbons are compounds that consists carbon and hydrogen only. The following tests can be used to identify carboxylic acids: 1. Carbons can be found linking in a closed cycle containing a benzene ring. . . Natural gas, methane: CH 4 (g) + 2 O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O (l) comb H = -890.3 kJ/mol CH 4 Propane: C 3 H 8 The reaction is slow at the start and accelerates with increasing concentration of the resulting hydroperoxides. 569. Hypothesis: In any combustion reaction, a hydrocarbon is burned in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Reaction of NaHCO 3: Forms salt with sodium bicarbonate solution with the evolution of carbon dioxide. The reaction between a hydrocarbon and oxygen is a process called combustion, which creates carbon dioxide and water. Results provided on data sheet. The bonding patterns vary with each hydrocarbon family (alkane, alkene, alkyne, aromatic). Report your results on the Report Sheet. The halogens in water and a hydrocarbon solvent (optional) Pour about 2 cm 3 of each of the aqueous halogen solutions into separate test tubes. That is the amount of energy released when a given compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions. A. The report conveys what you have done in a concise, organized and easy to read fashion. . 6. 2. 4: Coal, Oil & Natural gas. The IUPAC nomenclature for alkanes and alkyl halides is based on two rules: Rule 1. A distillation is the separation or partial separation of a liquid feed mixture into components or fractions by selective boiling (or evaporation) and condensation. b) If no immediate reaction occurs, place the reaction near a window (if possible) and leave it while you do parts 2 and 3. Each and every substance onshow more content. When reacted with acids, amines donate electrons to form ammonium salts. You will test the water solubility and hexane solubility of each compound. Discussion. A negative test is if there no precipitate. The oxidation of hydrocarbons is a free radical-initiated autocatalytic chain reaction. Abstract. 1.600g of aspirin was obtained after the second synthesis. Reactions of Alcohols, Phenols, Aldehydes and Ketones Experiment #10 Data & Report Sheet Unknown Number _____ Important: Be sure to enter your unknown number. Calculate what volume (in mL) it will take to add 5.0 grams of liquid methyl benzoate (density = 1.094 g . 2.5 Organic chemistry. . Record on the report sheet whether the compound is completely soluble, partially soluble, or insoluble in the water. Hydrocarbons. All three fuels produce combustion reactions which are exothermic. lab. Even though you can draw double bonds . 3. 2. PART D - REACTION OF HYDROCARBONS WITH POTASSIUM PERMANAGANATE Potassium permanganate (KMO4) is an oxidizer. REPORT ON REACTION OF HYDROCARBONS BY SALIFU MUSAH (CME05061081) INTRODUCTION Organic compound are compounds which we mostly use in our daily life activities and except for few inorganic salts and ever-present water, everything we put or on body being food, medicine . Data And Report Submission - Reactions Of Hydrocarbons (22pts) Data and Observations Enter your data and observations into the textfields below. or m.p., and formula of the analysed compound. Hydrocarbons because of their number and variety are classified into different ways. 744 Chapter 21 Hydrocarbons Section 221.11.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons MAIN Idea Hydrocarbons are carbon-containing organic compounds that provide a source of energy and raw materials. A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group, and in an ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. Good Essays. Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemistry. A combustion reaction is defined as an exothermic reaction, a reaction putting off heat instead of taking in heat. The following sections should be clearly labeled and . Classification and Identification of Hydrocarbons Lab report. Reactions of Hydrocarbons Experiment #2 Pre-Lab Exercise 1. 0 Summary The aim of this experiment is to synthesize methane, ethene, and ethyne and to characterize the prepared methane, ethene, and ethyne. Hydrocarbons with multiple bonds (unsaturated hydrocarbons except most cycloalkanes) react with bromine. N1 reaction. Conclusion The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the physical properties of hydrocarbons, as well as their solubility and density. making sure to briefly state the overall purpose or goal as well as any conclusions. Primarily hydrocarbons are divided into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. (For . Unit 03: Properties of Matter > . BroIn this experiment of the relative rates of free-radical chain bromination, we were expected to be able to determine the relative reactivates of the many types of hydrogen atoms involved toward bromine atoms. encouragement like stirring with a stirring rod.) Hydrocarbons are organic materials that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms, these molecules can be saturated or unsaturated and acyclic, cyclic, or aromatic. Three drops of the compound to be tested are dissolved in 2 ml of water or aqueous ethanol. You should be able to figure out the other product in this reaction Normal Z . The mechanism started off with the protonation of a hydroxyl group from an acid, then that group leaving the molecule as water. It is the rate of the "spontaneous dissociation" of the leaving . experiment 1 " 2 Pages. Which hydrocarbon group is the least reactive, why? If not, provide a possible explanation for why your experiment was unable to answer these . In the reactions we will perform in this experiment, hexane will be used to represent the saturated hydrocarbons, cyclohexene will be used as an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and toluene, the aromatic hydrocarbon. Conclusion. Lab: Hydrocarbon Isomers. Analysis of Hydrocarbons Mark B. Carascal**, Vince Ivan M. Camangeg, Keith Oreil A. Castillejo, Jasper Lorenz C. Choy Group 2, 2-Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espaa Manila ABSTRACT: Hydrocarbons can be categorized as saturated aliphatic, unsaturated aliphatic, aromatic and . Next, was a 1,2-methyl shift which caused a very stable carbocation to form. Higher molecular weight alcohols, aldehydes and ketones . They are the simplest organic compounds. Sitemap. The dissociation of carboxylic acid is represented as: 2. Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds. All in-lab modifications to the procedure must be noted. Describe the relative reactivity of alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons with respect to their chemical reactions. Reaction of Hydrocarbons - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. reactions a compound undergoes are considered chemical properties. Here is an example of a combustion reaction: C 3 H 8 (g) + 5 O 2 (g) 3 CO 2 (g) + 4 H 2 O (g) + heat Combustion reactions also give off a great deal of heat. Test Results (Positive/Negative) Cyclohexene Cyclohexane Unknown C. Oxidation: Potassium Permanganate Test Compound 1. Heat of combustion is a way of measuring how much energy is output from a combustion reaction, the energy that is output is usually in the form of heat. Carboxylic acid turns blue litmus red. One way of classifying hydrocarbons is in which way carbon atoms are . Report your results on the Report Sheet. Conclusion: In conclusion, the original molarity of the sodium hydroxide in this experiment is 0.6208 M. According to the concept in dilution, the amount of solute always stays the same regardless of the change in concentration and volume. The purple color of the KMnO4 solution disappears and a precipitate of MnO2 is formed. KMO4 is a purple coloured compound. Title: Chem 11 Lab . Addition Reaction: Bromine Test Compound 1. Hydrocarbons are an organic compound. alkanes group).Conversely, unsaturated compounds are compounds that cotain carbon - carbon double bond or . 323 Words. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)is used as a catalyst for this reaction in order to accelerate the rate at . Data on 1159 RD alliances indicate that the more radical an alliances innovation goals the more The major source of aliphatic hydrocarbons is petroleum, an extremely complex mixture of compounds. Disappearance of Bromine Color (fast/slow) 2. Write the balanced equation for calcium carbide (CaC) reacting with water to give off ethyne (acetylene) when reacted with water. It should be written in the past tense using the passive non-personal voice. How would you describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and what is a distinguishing feature of aromatic hydrocarbons. Reactivity with Potassium Permanganate: Dissolve 6 drops of each hydrocarbon in 2 mL of ethanol (a solvent) in separate clean dry test tubes. Finally, in your conclusion, examine the data based on your goals and predictions for the experiment. Preparation of Acetylene by hydrolysis of CaC2 Acetylene (ethyne) is formed when water reacts with calcium carbide, CaC2: Equation for the preparation CaC2 (s) + H2O (l) Ca (OH)2 (aq) + HCCH (g) 4. lab report determining reactions of aldehydes and ketones. Aromatic compound needs special condition to react while aliphatic compound react more freely and easily. 6. If the With your lab assistant Dr. One, you explore how organic compounds are structured, how we name them, and how we represent them in both 2D and 3D. Normal BIU . 2. Observe any colour changes and the speed of the changes for five minutes. Discard the contents of the tubes into the sink and wash down the drain with water. Aliphatic is defined as an open chains of . 2. The hydrocarbons can contain single, double or triple bonds. Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms (PREFIX+ANE). Hydrocarbons, nitrohydro-carbons, alkyl or aryl halides, esters and ethers. This reaction releases energy (exothermic reaction) . Bromination is defined to be a regioselective reaction meaning bromine has preference of making or breaking a bond over all other . A distillation produces at least two output fractions. Explain your conclusion. When bonds are formed or broken the most common form of energy released or taken in is heat energy. Conclusion: Based on the results it would seem that substances lose weight when they are burned. Conclusion: We can conclude that all the reaction for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons comparison can be determined by their reactions, saturation potential, and conjugation. 40% formaldehyde. To differentiate an alkane from an alkene. Methanol will also be examined. The vast number of hydrocarbons is indicative of the number of different ways the carbons skeleton can be arranged. This reaction is called combustion, and the products of this reaction are water and carbon dioxide gas. Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride) or cyclohexane are usually used as solvents because they are unreactive toward both bromine and hydrocarbons that have multiple bonds. To study the chemical properties of an alkane and an alkene. Reaction mechanisms Nu substitution; Cam Scanner 06-28-2021 20; TA notes SYNT 719 Brominating Alkenes; William Ether Synthesis; . Exp 2: Properties of Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons and an Alcohol. KMnO, Observations 2. Likewise, the chemical reactivity of an alkane, an alkene and an aromatic compound was compared. . 11. Cyclohexene burns and produces more soot because of the higher . The National University . Words: 209; Pages: 3; Preview; Full text; CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT (REACTION OF ALCOHOLS) NAME . Aldehydes and ketones react with primary amines to give a reaction product (a carbinolamine) that dehydrates to . Add equal volumes of hydrocarbon solvent to each tube, stopper the tube and, holding your thumb over the bung, shake the mixture by inverting the test tube a few times. Unit 2: Further Chemical Reactions, Rates and Equilibrium, Calculations and Organic Chemistry. Alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbon, whereas all the other types are unsaturated. They are all built from organic compounds! Using . The longest chain of carbons in the structure is referred to as the parent chain. Litmus Test. 3. ethyl acetate. These hydrocarbons are called alkane, alkene and alkyne, respectively. Summarize your conclusions for Part 1 and Part 2 in your final lab report. Produce well-reasoned written or oral arguments using evidence to support conclusions. 1. Reaction of hydrocarbons with bromine: Bromine is a reddish brown liquid, so if it reacts with another chemical, the initial red color will disappear (or at least fade). Br 2 that you add disappears, then that is a color change for the Br 2, and a reaction took place between the Br 2 and the organic chemical. The properties, which make them ideal for such, will be investigated. reaction will slow down by half - only half as many alkyl halides are undergoing reaction! . OBJECTIVE 1. Results. Displacement reactions. In the Organic Chemistry Introduction simulation, you will learn what an organic compound is. Procedure. [pic 7] Aromatic hydrocarbons are unreactive with bromine without a catalyst and resulted in the dilution of the color of bromine to orange to yellow. 95% propanol. Acid halides react with amines to form substituted amides. Observe any colour changes and the speed of the changes for five minutes. If you are asked to draw structure, you can add images of structure drawings to the textfields by dragging images from your computer into the textfields. 7 XXE ELITE (5pts) 3. Lab: Exothermic & endothermic reactions. All hydrocarbons will burn in the presence of oxygen (in the air). These fractions include at least one volatile distillate fraction, which has boiled and been separately captured as a vapor . It is not easily oxidized, and preferably undergoes substitution rather than addition . Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Test. Students, who successfully complete the hydrocarbon reaction lab and produce a corresponding satisfactory digital media report, will ideally have engaged in the assignment for at least three hours in lab followed by an additional 2-3 hours completing the digital components of the lab. The hydroxyl group in carboxylic is far more acidic than that in alcohol. Both hydrocarbons produce carbon dioxide and water during combustion test. organic compounds lab report reviewessays com. Use 1 ml of the liquid substances and small portions of each of the solid or oily substances. Saturated hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only single covalent bonds between all carbon atoms in the molecule (e.g. ProProfs Quiz Questions and Answers. 3. The gasoline and diesel fuel that are used in cars, trucks, and . An example of an S N1 reaction: CX rate-determining step (slow!) Record these observations on your Report Sheet. given off in the reaction. 2% KMnO4 solution (a purple solution) is added drop wise and the solution is shaken. The teacher provided the following chemical equation to describe the burning, or combustion, in the candle: Hydrocarbon fuel + O2 CO2 + H2O. The reactivity of the compounds with certain reactants (3 M HCl(aq), 3 M NaOH(aq), conc. 1. KMO4 is a purple coloured compound. Be sure to Combustion's main purpose is to create an oxidized material. State whether the results of your experiment allowed you to answer the questions that you set out in the introduction. You will not receive credit for lab if you have the same unknown number as another person in this lab section. 3: Cyclic Hydrocarbons. Oxidation: Reaction with Baeyer's Reagent. ID: 1590279 Language: English School subject: Chemistry Grade/level: GRADE 5 Age: 17+ Main content: Pre lab experiment Other contents: REACTION HYDROCARBON Add to my workbooks (2) Download file pdf Embed in my website or blog Add to Google Classroom When the oxygen is limited, the product will be carbon monoxide and water. Continuation of CHEM 2223 utilizing mechanistic interpretations of reaction of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids and amines. The carbon in the carbonyl is sp2 hybridized, has a bond angle of 120o, and is trigonal planar. Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water. PART D - REACTION OF HYDROCARBONS WITH POTASSIUM PERMANAGANATE Potassium permanganate (KMO4) is an oxidizer. This was a white powder and had a melting point range of 134-135 degrees Celsius. bio 113 biological molecules of life lab report educated. Because of . Add 3 ml of solvent and stir it in case the substance doesn't dissolve. If you were successful, state so. experiment 6 " thin layer chromatography. After which we test the mixture wherein the color fade and for the final reaction mixture for the presence of hydrogen bromide we add ten drops distilled water and shake to mix the layers. Thermodynamics. Essays Related to n-Butyl Bromide Organic Chemistry Lab Report. The four classes of hydrocarbons are as follows: (1) Alkanes - These are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds. Conclusion: In a paragraph, sum up what you have learned. A two-carbon parent chain is called ethane; a three-carbon parent chain, propane; and a four-carbon parent chain, butane. Real-World Reading Link If you have ridden in a car or a bus, you have used hydrocarbons. The major uses of hydrocarbons are as fuels and solvents. INTRODUCTION Organic compound are compounds which we mostly use in our daily life activities and except for few inorganic salts and ever-present water, everything we put or on body being food, medicine, cosmetics and clothing consist of organic compounds. An aldehyde contains at least one hydrogen attached to the C of a C=O (carbonyl group). The immiscibility or miscibility of the hydrocarbons in the different solvent used in the experiment can be observed by . And do the calculations that you will eventually need to include in your report. Chemistry Lab Report Ester. given off in the reaction. Purpose: text Introduction: text Materials: text Methods/Procedure: text Diagram: Data analysis: Graph: text Graph: text Conclusion: In a paragraph, sum up what you . Once the reaction is clearly going, prepare for Phase 3, in which you will add the methyl benzoate ester electrophile to the carbanion that you are making. Reactions of Amines. More details. . Reactions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons B. C. Reaction with Potassium Permanganate The Baeyer test for unsaturated hydrocarbons involves reaction with a hydrocarbon with alkene (or alkyne) like double bonds. 2. At the conclusion of the analysis a brief summary of results should be included, giving the name, b.p. They are extremely important to our society because so many products are derived from them: fuels, fabrics, plastics, antifreezes, anaesthetics, insecticid es, to name a few. Reaction with bromine. Potassium Permanganate Test: 1. These results contradict the hypothesis, however, it is noted that during testing some of the smoke escaped from the plate, which may . Introduction :This experiment is to distinguish saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with the use of bromine test. The candle we used was a small, white emergency candle about 3.5 cm tall. Although formally unsaturated, C6H6CH3 in the sense that it has multiple carbon-carbon double bonds, toluene does not give the usual reactions expected of an alkene. exp 55 lab report docx solubility infrared spectroscopy. that contains carbon and hydrogen and they are classified according to their structure. Aldehydes and ketones have dipole-dipole attractions between molecules, and no . Esters are derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols with the presence of a catalyst. elements. 1384 days since Last Day of School. Reaction of Hydrocarbon Lab Report.docx. Observe whether a slow reaction occurs and note your observations. 1 Place about 10 g of solid Calcium carbide into a clean and dry distilling flask. Properties and Reactions of Hydrocarbons. Let's see if I can help you interpret the results of this experiment, one part at a time. 1. Reactions of Hydrocarbons . . please refer to the Moorpark College Chemistry Department Laboratory Report Rubric found in the lab manual and department website.) Record these observations on your Report Sheet. Hydrocarbons, which contain only of hydrogen and carbon, are divided into three classification which are aliphatic, aromatic, and alicyclic. Download & View Chemistry Lab Report - Reaction Of Alcohol as PDF for free. The hydrocarbons studied were hexane, cyclohexane, toluene and three unknown. Unwrapped test tube with toluene reacted with Br because it is light initiated. These cyclic hydrocarbons are called aromatic. Reactions of carboxylic acids: Reaction with NaOH: Carboxylic acids being acidic dissolves in NaOH to form sodium salt. The chemical reaction is hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen to form CO 2, H 2 O and heat. Introduction.
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