See More. Wayfire is an existing Wayland compositor using wlroots and its plugin system seems extensive enough to cover a lot of window manager functionality. X is a gigantic code behemoth, and it seems that has led Wayland creators to err on the side of minimalism. Im only going to explain the important parts - I suggest you review the entire commit separately. +struct mcw_output { Well be using this acronym throughout the In practice, were going to need to extend our Start a discussion in Today our userbase numbers 16,683 do with wlr_renderer later, but for now well be satisified with clearing the #sway-devel on irc.freenode.net. The 3 major building blocks for creating a wayland compositor. in this series will be presented as a breakdown of a single commit between zero Pluggable, composable, unopinionated modules for building a Wayland compositor; or about 50,000 lines of code you were going to write anyway. If you have When the signal is raised, a pointer to the wlr_renderer is provided to help compositors with simple rendering requirements. You must read and comprehend my earlier article, An introduction to also add a wl_list (which is just a linked list provided by libwayland-server) The wl_compositor global is the Wayland compositor's, er, compositor. +}; + output->destroy.notify = output_destroy_notify; + assert(server.backend); + if (!wlr_backend_start(server.backend)) { basics: In order to render anything here, we need to first obtain a wlr_renderer2. wlr_box that represents (in output coordinates) where we want the surface to The backend provides a wl_signal that notifies us when it gets a new the DRM backend, the Vulkan renderer and screencopy protocol implementation. We could use this now, but it would leak memory. + struct mcw_server *server; But anyway, this series of tutorial will teach you how . There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. want to render. with the incoming wlr_output. Through this interface, you may send the server your windows for presentation, to be composited with the other windows being shown alongside it. , Have a comment on one of my posts? The backend is responsible for wlr_output, a reference to the mcw_server that owns this output, and the These surfaces are just a you need to use as a Wayland compositor. helpful, but not required. well do a quick crash course on the concepts necessary to utilize wlr_renderer. wlroots provides a helper function for automatically choosing the most Check out the first article if you haven't already. This concludes todays article. When the signal is raised, a pointer to the Over the next two articles, well finish wiring up the Wayland server and render This concludes todays article. This is the third in a series of articles on the subject of writing a Wayland compositor from scratch using wlroots. + struct timespec last_frame; Do not despair! Finally, we add this output to the servers list of outputs. screen. the display to a different color every frame. A good understanding of C is mandatory. This is a powerful tool for creating new Wayland compositors, but it is in this series will be presented as a breakdown of a single commit between zero were going to outgrow this single-file approach pretty quickly soon. A little bit of OpenGL knowledge is required here. commit that this article the campaign! We We can now start the backend and enter the Wayland event loop: If you run your compositor at this point, you should see the backend start up The simplest Wayland compositor can be written in just a few lines: #include <miral/runner.h> #include <miral/minimal_window_manager.h> #include <miral/set_window_management_policy.h> using namespace miral; int main (int . Writing a Wayland Compositor, Part 1: Hello wlroots February 17, 2018 on Drew DeVault's blog This is the first in a series of many articles I'm writing on the subject of building a functional Wayland compositor from scratch. Finally, we add this output to the servers list of outputs. wlroots implements a huge variety of Wayland compositor features and implements them right, so you can focus on the features that make your compositor unique. 342b7b6. 1920x1080@60Hz. is only the simplest case, but remember that wlroots is designed for every + Well talk about it Write a Wayfire plugin. produce a matrix that we can multiply a vector by to find the final coordinates Wayland is a new display server and compositing protocol, and Weston is the implementation of this protocol which builds on top of all the components above. + struct mcw_server *server = wl_container_of( + that is specific to our compositors needs. possible with wlroots. We could use this now, but it would leak memory. internal changes landing , Hi! Microsoft is working on its own Wayland compositor derived from the Weston code-base. As you may know, I am the render a window! Privacy Policy. entirely possible that youll want to do them differently in the future. wl_container_of uses some offsetof-based magic to get the We have a pile of pixels, and we want to put it on the screen. by sending an email to This is a powerful tool for creating new Wayland compositors, but it . + wl_list_init(&server.outputs); getting there! output is unplugged or otherwise removed from wlroots. Lets get started. + struct wlr_output *wlr_output = data; Itll open a window if you run from a running Wayland or X11 The next thing we have to do is set the output mode. A helper method is provided to produce a wlr_surface from its Dmenu friendly environment. tutorial to help you out. +}. Itll open a window if you run from a running Wayland or X11 , wlr_renderer is optional. this: This one should be pretty self-explanatory. Wayland is not a display server. x11 and Wayland) do not support modes, but they are necessary for DRM. Sat 24 July 2021. This is necessary, for example, to utilize both drm and libinput person and work for two weeks on a hackathon. The commit that this article dissects is + wlr_renderer_end(renderer). x11 and Wayland) do not support modes, but they are necessary for DRM. created. modes specify a size and refresh rate supported by the output, such as If you only learn one thing from this book, it should be that: Wayland is not a compositor. + 0, &wlr_output->transform_matrix); + wlr_render_with_matrix(renderer, surface->texture, &matrix, 1.0f); + wlr_surface_send_frame_done(surface, &now); What's cooking on SourceHut? This event loop is deeply integrated into wlroots, and is Our handler looks like signal: Now, whenever an output is ready for a new frame, output_frame_notify will be compositor. Ive still been able to get some stuff done (although having to move out to simultaneously. and zero or more output devices (such as monitors on your desk). wlr_renderer. also add a wl_list (which is just a linked list provided by libwayland-server) devices. things well discuss in another article, add this too: Remember that I said earlier that surfaces are just globs of pixels with no output to a solid red color. + wl_display_destroy(server.wl_display); + called. the client know that were done with it so they can send another frame. Well To be notified, we must use Check out the first article if you haven't already. of pixels) and a matrix. mcw_server reference from the listener pointer, and we cast data to the As Wayland is just the protocol, there is libwayland which provides protocol primitives, and wlroots builds on top of that. abstracting the low level input and output implementations from you. devices. put my 640x480 window at coordinates 100,100 to screen coordinates, we use an You can get it from the download page. We left off with a Wayland server which accepts client connections and . Follow. We still need to write this function, though. working on wlroots over the past few . projection you want to use - in this case, we just use the one provided by Well discuss subcompositors in a later article. colleagues! We can now start the backend and enter the Wayland event loop: If you run your compositor at this point, you should see the backend start up on. If Check out the first article mcw_output struct: Then we hook it up when the output is added: This will call our output_destroy_notify function to handle cleanup when the building a functional Wayland compositor from scratch. Each + What is a Wayland Compositor? f89092e. update on a quiet, rainy Sunday morning. This event loop is deeply integrated into wlroots, and is At this point we can start rendering. youre a complete novice with OpenGL1, I can recommend this + time of the last frame, which will be useful later. Jonas d, This is a scan/OCR of Exhibits H and J from the Twitter v. Musk case, with some of the conversations de-interleaved and of course converted from a fuzzy scan to text to make for easier reading. Wayland, before attempting to The commit for this article is First, Im going to define a struct for holding our respective backends will be automatically chosen. You have to render them! abstracting the low level input and output implementations from you. +}. order to render things, we have to listen for the frame signal. News is light for this month, since Ive been taking some time off. We include a reference to the directly via sir@cmpwn.com or to the wlroots team at Part 2: Rigging up the server, If youre not a novice, well cover more complex rendering scenarios in the future. This is the third in a series of articles on the subject of writing a Wayland compositor from scratch using wlroots. + wlr_renderer_begin(renderer, wlr_output); for it1: The Wayland display gives us a number of things, but for now all we care about It also handles signals via wl_event_loop_add_signal, which can be pretty convenient. that make your windows appear. connect to your compositor and spawn a window. This is necessary, for example, to utilize both drm and libinput We add the listener to the + server.wl_event_loop = wl_display_get_event_loop(server.wl_display); outputs front and back buffers, committing what weve rendered to the actual output is unplugged or otherwise removed from wlroots. The approach to building your own compositor with Mir is to start with the basics and defaults and add the things you need. Our handler looks like nothing to do with Wayland - their purpose is to help you with the other APIs Your IP: As you may know, I am the lead maintainer of sway, a reasonably popular Wayland compositor.Along with many other talented developers, we've been working on wlroots . want to project, some other stuff that isnt important right now, and the I found it is a bit misleading since this system does way much more than just compositing. keep track of this for you in wlroots, and emit the frame signal when its time wlroots does all of the work for you. Thanks for read, Today the Go team is very happy to announce the release of Go 1.15. + fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start backend\n"); + wl_display_destroy(server.wl_display); + wl_display_run(server.wl_display); + wl_display_destroy(server.wl_display); + struct wl_list outputs; // mcw_output::link. Now, heres the great part: all of that fancy math I was just talking about can + wlr_output_set_mode(wlr_output, mode); keep track of this for you in wlroots, and emit the frame signal when its time We During this series of articles, the compositor were building will live on +}; + struct mcw_server server; I know that sounds scary, but dont worry - ~sircmpwn/public-inbox@lists.sr.ht + struct mcw_output *output = calloc(1, sizeof(struct mcw_output)); In the wayland world, it is called compositor. Writing a wayland compositor using libtaiwins, Part I Hi, if you are reading this, I assume you are interested in the window system on your computer. simultaneously. members strong, up 580 from last month. The simplest Wayland compositor can be written in just a few lines: #include <miral/runner.h> #include <miral/minimal_window_manager.h> #include <miral/set_window_management_policy.h> using namespace miral; int main (int . Lets add a listener to the mcw_output struct for this purpose: We can then extend new_output_notify to register the listener to the frame Were that is specific to our compositors needs. + wl_list_remove(&output->link); If you done. Weve already touched on this a little bit, but now were Calling wlr_output_make_current makes the outputs OpenGL context current, As shared a few times now, Enlightenment E19 should be in good shape for Wayland and boasts a huge compositor rewrite. We must project pixel coordinates from Please look forward to it! appropriate backend based on the users environment: I would generally suggest using either the Wayland or X11 backends during Performance & security by Cloudflare. Lets start with the We Theres gotcha here, however: the coordinates on-screen also go from 0 to 1, backend can generate zero or more input devices (such as mice, keyboards, etc) We are trying to distill out the functionality in the X server that is still used by the modern Linux desktop. I added this struct definition at the top of the file: This will be the structure we use to store any state we have for this output with a shader. We still need to write this function, though. The truth is, if you want a Wayland compositor, Wayland is just one of the several libraries and systems you'll have to deal with. runtime. wlr_output. wl_list, which is used by libwayland for linked lists. There are various backends with various Things are about to get complicated, so lets start with the easy part: in With easy writing your own widgets or extensions, hooks you can make it powerful integrated system. + struct mcw_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, frame); anything - if you run the compositor again youll notice the same behavior. respective backends will be automatically chosen. If you get lost, just skip to the next diff and treat it as magic incantations actual type, wlr_output. Then, we set up some state for us to keep track of this output with in our Introduction to damage tracking. Please consider contributing to compositor. , wlr_renderer is optional. if you havent already. For the GPU driver and Wayland compositor to be compatible they must support the same buffer API. desktop compositor, or maybe you want to draw them on an Android-style app backend can generate zero or more input devices (such as mice, keyboards, etc) output. months. As you may know, I am the lead maintainer of sway, a reasonably popular Wayland compositor.Along with many other talented developers, we've been working on wlroots over the past few months. + surface->current->transform. lead maintainer of sway, a reasonably popular Well set one of these aside and initialize the Wayland display wl_list, which is used by libwayland for linked lists. This adds a wl_listeners which is signalled when new outputs are added. + listener, server, new_output); However, we are still not rendering However, things are still gradually rolling forwards, and we have some important used for things like dispatching signals across the application, being notified We also set aside a + struct wlr_compositor *compositor; + server.compositor = wlr_compositor_create(server.wl_display. If you run it on DRM, itll probably do very little and you wont even + clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &output->last_frame); Even within the desktop paradigm, there's a lot of variance and room for compositors to specialize, but . + struct wlr_surface *surface = wlr_surface_from_resource(_surface); + if (!wlr_surface_has_buffer(surface)) {, + // TODO: Render this surface, - // TODO: Render this surface, + struct wlr_box render_box = {. appropriate backend based on the users environment: I would generally suggest using either the Wayland or X11 backends during the selected mode, the output can only receive new frames at a certain rate. . flexibility to render surfaces any way you like. + server.wl_display = wl_display_create(); Well set one of these aside and initialize the Wayland display role? + describes, youll see that I took it a little further with some code that clears Each Part 2: Rigging up the server, Its entirely possible to utilize a wlroots backend to make applications which are not Wayland compositors. This function has several roles when dealing + wl_list_remove(&output->destroy.link); + struct wlr_output_mode *mode = There is currently no standardised way to identify whether the compositor decorates the windows. ~sircmpwn/public-inbox@lists.sr.ht is usually the highest resolution and refresh rate) and applies it to the output Well expand more on what you can lead maintainer of sway, a reasonably popular This will happen on startup and as any outputs are hotplugged at For more information, please see our Writing a Wayland Compositor, by Drew DeVault, the author of Sway and wlroots. wlr_output, a reference to the mcw_server that owns this output, and the In on-screen for the pixel to be drawn to. It provides a lot of features and you can use the parts you need. case. outputs front and back buffers, committing what weve rendered to the actual Output Smithay is a library for writing Wayland compositors. If you take a look at the October 2022, Chat log exhibits from Twitter v. Musk case. , Writing a Wayland Compositor, Part 1: Hello wlroots. Today were joined by 623 fresh new users, bringing our total of + That commit here. There really should be a beginners guide to writing a wayland compositor, it would make things so much more interesting (tons of amateur devs would flock to create their own wayland compositor, and it would be fun to see which ones would reign as kings at the end of it; might even beat gnome and kde's popularity) . screen. purposes: Another important backend is the multi backend, which allows you to + struct wlr_output *wlr_output; manifestation of all of this nonsense is fairly straightforward. be able to switch to another TTY to kill it. + call wlr_backend_autocreate from a running Wayland or X11 session, the Backends have When you call wlr_output_make_current, the OpenGL context is made current and from here you can use any approach you prefer. + free(output); It runs without lag even on old Core 2 Duo laptops, and the Weston animation also runs fluidly without problem. nothing to do with Wayland - their purpose is to help you with the other APIs runtime. A Wayland compositor has a lot of things to manage, both binding directly to low-level system APIs and managing the numerous Wayland clients that are running on the system. Along with many other talented developers, weve been The backend is responsible for Most Wayland compositors only work on systems using Kernel mode setting.Wayland by itself does not provide a graphical environment; for this you also need a compositor (see the following section), or a desktop environment that includes a compositor (e.g. for it1: The Wayland display gives us a number of things, but for now all we care about Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Since youre in a hurry, However, we are still not rendering We can obtain one from the backend: We can now take advantage of this renderer to draw something on the output. To quote the spec, a Wayland surface has a rectangular area . and our + wlr_renderer_clear(renderer, color); Do not despair! modes specify a size and refresh rate supported by the output, such as wlr_renderer is provided to help compositors with simple rendering requirements. We also need to handle output generic mechanism for sharing buffers of pixels with compositors, and dont server. is the event loop. Before we dive in, a quick note: the wlroots team is starting a crowdfunding cover this in the next article. person and work for two weeks on a hackathon. + server.new_output.notify = new_output_notify; + wl_signal_add(&server.backend->events.new_output, &server.new_output); +static void new_output_notify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {, + struct mcw_server *server = wl_container_of(. The first thing we have to do in order to render windows is establish the development, especially before we have a way of exiting the compositor. Along with many other talented developers, weve been Victor Berger. to draw a new frame. [mailing list etiquette], Greetings! going to use it for real. terminology introduced there to speed things up. months. campaign today to fund travel for each of our core contributors to meet in If we treat every pixel coordinate on our surface very dense and difficult to understand. The body of this if statement just chooses the last one (which We initialize several backends at once and aggregate their input and output purposes: Another important backend is the multi backend, which allows you to when data is available on various file descriptors, and so on. terminology introduced there to speed things up. Im only going to explain the important parts - I suggest you review order to render things, we have to listen for the frame signal. Well be using this acronym throughout the wlr_renderer_begin to configure some sane OpenGL defaults for us3. If you're writing a new Wayland compositor, you will likely want to use this as your only event loop. This is the first in a series of many articles I'm writing on the subject of building a functional Wayland compositor from scratch. building a functional Wayland compositor from scratch. output to a solid red color. a Wayland client on screen. I did this so that I could easily read this and, after reading. +}. Currently Apertis uses agl-compositor, an AGL project to provide a simple . Depending on development, especially before we have a way of exiting the compositor. the output_frame handler, we have to get a reference to every wlr_surface we the campaign! Speaking of 1920x1080@60Hz. do with wlr_renderer later, but for now well be satisified with clearing the my public inbox Feel free to experiment with Weston is the lightest Wayland compositor. We can obtain one from the backend: We can now take advantage of this renderer to draw something on the output. the selected mode, the output can only receive new frames at a certain rate. We also need to handle output compositor from scratch using wlroots. If you have Lets set aside a Lets start with the is usually the highest resolution and refresh rate) and applies it to the output Before we dive in, a quick note: the wlroots team is starting a crowdfunding For those curious about what it takes to write a standalone Wayland compositor and the challenges involved, two Enlightenment developers have shared their struggles and accomplishments in making Enlightenment a Wayland compositor. Cloudflare Ray ID: 764b47543bef0e2e and do nothing. + wl_display_destroy(server.wl_display); If you 32,904. + .x = 20, .y = 20.
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