to each other. spent almost 22 hours on the Moon. Some people think a black hole may be a doorway to another universe. Constellations are collections of stars that can be seen from the Earth, and which have been named as groups. Each dish reflects and focuses the incoming radio signals onto an aerial mounted above it. In a spin Our place in space Our galaxy has long curved The Milky Way arms that spiral out from a central bulge. The troposphere extendsTroPosPhErE between 6 and 20 km (312 miles) above the ground. Looking at Mars There have been a At some point in its history, Mars, also number of missions called the Red Planet, may have supported to Mars. UranusA supernova occurs when a starThe first liquid-filled rocket was created byMorning star is another name for which planet?2A: SaturnC: EarthB: MercuryD: VenusHow many planets in our solar system have rings around them?6A. command and service modules so the two lunar astronauts can climb through. Satellite catalogue There are many different types of satellite. takes about a week to turn anti-clockwise. the ground. for 3,216 days (of which 816 were manned). When people think of space, they think On a cloudless night, of the following: you can see thousands of stars. Orion (seen here) was named because ancient astronomers imagined two lines of stars picked out this hunters belt and sword. It is a comprehensive exploration of space from our nearest planets and stars to far-off galaxies. The stars within the galaxy wont collide, but the gas and dust will this collision can create new stars. If we are to explore people went into space. Nearby stars Why do stars twinkle? One None of them, or their described it as looking like orbits, are drawn to scale. It had collected them from the asteroid Itokawa.Dawn spacecraftThe International Space Station However, it is doubtful someone could survive the journey through the hole to find out. From see if you can identify space, the Earth the pictures below. Exploring space Living in space A bed on the wall, baby wipes for a wash, footholds, and edible toothpaste! 80-81 Shooting stars 128-129 Where in the world? The spacecraft have studied the solar systems outer planetary systems, and are still operating.1986The first section of Mir, the Russian space station, was launched. Keeping fit Some astronauts Astronauts muscles suffer temporary hearing dont work very hard in problems after living on a weightlessness, so they space station. 103A star is bornThe life of a star The Universe is home to lots of different types of star.Our Sun is a yellow dwarf star. They in 1971. It powers life on the Earthtelescope Instrument used to look at very distant things UFO Unidentified flying objects are objects in the sky that people claim to have seen but cannot be identified. They were hydrogen. 11 The command 1 Five F1 engines blast the Saturn V module is the only part of the mission rocket into space to return to the Earth. 114-115 The southern sky: pp. The Orion Multipurpose Crew Vehicle It took just over eight minutes. It fell into the atmosphere in March 2001. Do this 15 times. He discovered Venus had phases rings were two (like our Moon), he saw Jupiters moons, and he spotted mountains on our Moon. Covering everything from observatories and rockets, to the solar system and the death of stars, children will discover all about space and space travel. This study is and he spent the last few called astronomy. The visible part of the Moon is waning, or shrinking.Last QuarterThe Moon has completed three-quarters of its orbit around the Earth.111Phases of the MoonCreate your own Moon chart over a month. The roof can be opened to look at the sky. designed in the 20th The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is century. Radio astronomers designed to tilt and do not listen to noises. Sound D. Radio waves What are the twin Keck telescopes designed to detect?75A. Rocket thruster Main rocket engines What is a gravity assist? could not be shut holes in the fuel tanks off. thats whats happening to the Universe. Its not easy to sort out bulky spacesuits in weightlessness! AcknowledgementsDorling Kindersley would like to thank: Jon Woodcock for his invaluable guidance, patience, and humour; Peter Bull for artworks; Hedi Gutt and Clare Harris for design assistance; Fleur Star for compiling the index; and Alex Cox, Deborah Lock, and Zahavit Shalev for editorial assistance.Picture creditsThe publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs:(Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-centre; l-left; r-right; t-top)Alamy Images: eStock Photo 56cla, 58tl, 64tl, 66tr, 70tr, 72tr, 75ca; Rab Harling 91bl; TNT Magazine 89cr; Richard Wainscoat 10-11b. They have to be in peak physical condition, and some astronauts claim their training is much harder than any mission. Local Group 15, 16Long March 2C rocket 30Luna 3 probe 63, 120Luna 9 probe 63lunar module 32, 33Lunar Prospector 63Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 63lunar rover 34MMagellanprobe 59Mariner 10 probe 56Marius, Simon 68, 69Mars 14, 46-47, 50, 64-65, 94-95Mars Express 46Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 46Mars rovers 46, 47medical instruments 118gravity 4, 31, 40, 63, 82, 98, 99, 110gravity assists 25Great Dark Spot 73Great Red Spot 66HHalleys comet 78Hayabusa 84Helios 249Hubble telescope 9Hydra (Plutos moon) 75IInternational Space Station 29, 38, 42, 121interstellar travel 48-49Io (Jupiters moon) 50, 67, 68-69Itokawa asteroid 84JKJames Webb telescope 9Jupiter 14, 50, 66-67, 68-69, 76JAXA 121Keck telescope 10Kepler spacecraft 101 LLaika the dog 120Leo 112Leonids 81Leonov, Alexei 43, 120light year 4, 19, 20Mercury 14, 50, 56-57, 61mesosphere 6MESSENGER probe 57meteor 14, 56, 63, 76-87, 109meteorite 77, 80Milky Way 15, 16, 18-19, 22, 109Mir space station 6, 38, 121Miranda (Uranuss moon) 73moons The Earths moon 8, 14, 32-33, 34-35, 44, 49, 54, 55, 62-63, 74, 107, 110-111, 120 Jupiters moons 50, 67, 68-69 Marss moons 64 Neptunes moons 73 Plutos moons 75 Saturns moons 71 Uranuss moons 73multiverse 23133Index This artists impression shows what the view from one of its planets might look like. This spectacular effect (right) was captured by the Spitzer space telescope.Born in a cloud Between existing stars, there are patches of gas and dust. Below is an artists impression of what a Martian base might look like. Carson-Dellosa Publishing Astronomers have identified three planets orbiting Gliese. The main tank contains The Saturn V were the largest, and most 25 tonnes (27.5 tons) of liquid powerful, rockets ever built. The Milky Way The time it takes for our solar system to orbit the Milky Way once is known as a galactic year. The Messier 74 is an example of from the core. Artificial satellites are objects put in orbit by humanssolar system Planets, moons, dwarf planets, comets, asteroids, and dust that orbit the Sun, held by its gravityspaceHuge, largely empty areas in between the atmospheres of stars and planets. A long-term study into a possible interstellar spaceship took place in the 1970s. A delightful first reference book about space for young astronomers, First Space Encyclopedia takes readers on a journey through . 5 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. It represents a giraffe.The Great BearIn Roman mythology, Ursa Major (the Great Bear) represents Callisto, a beautiful girl who was turned into a bear by Juno, the wife of Jupiter king of the gods in Roman mythology. In Tsiolkovsky had an idea terms of the vastness of space, thats for a spacecraft long before incredibly slow. Shown here are civilian astronaut wings. Space hat-ellite a spacecraft A nose cone the (the orbiter, front end of a rocket, Up in space, satellites can fuel tank, and or aircraft is an be any shape at all. Apollo 11 Mission commander Neil Armstrong struggled to find a flat landing site. of stars. Clusters of stars are constantly being born from clouds of gas and dust thousands of times the size of our solar system, in a process that can take millions of years.A star is bornHot coloursAs the matter within gets more and more dense, the clouds start to shrink under their own gravity, and eventually break into clumps. It lies on the edge of one of the spiral arms. The shuttle had three main components the orbiter (the plane part, and the only part that went into orbit), a huge fuel tank, and two rocket boosters. Barnards StarC. Just popping out Astronauts carry chemical lightsticks Extravehicular mobility units, or EMUs, with them in the pocket are a bit like miniature spaceships. Neukum 65tr; John Foster 80-81; Mark Garlick 14tl, 19tr, 21b, 48-49b, 49cl, 74br, 74-75, 82-83c, 83tl, 96-97; Robert Gendler 14clb; David A. Hardy 25bl, 48clb; David A. Hardy, Futures: 50 Years In Space 16-17t, 104-105 (b/g); Adam Hart-Davis 47cr; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 84-85cb; JPL-Caltech/STSCI/Vassar/NASA 5br, 14-15t; Manfred Kage 81clb (meteorite fragment); Mehau Kulyk 23br, 86bl, 98-99c; Larry Landolfi 4c, 51ca, 62-63; Dr. Michael J. Ledlow 57tr; G. Brad Lewis 103tl; Library Of Congress 95crb; Lockheed Martin Corporation/NASA 2-3; Jerry Lodriguss 21t, 77tc, 78-79, 106fbl, 107cl; Jean Lorre 64clb; Andrew J. Martinez 63ca, 63cra; Max-Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy 12l; Robert Mcnaught 78cl; Peter Menzel 13br; Allan Morton/Dennis Milon 16cla, 109t; MSSS/JPL/NASA 51fcrb, 65cr; David Nanuk 10l, 13l; NASA 26r, 37cr, 38fclb, 46clb, 55cra, 64bl, 66-67c, 87tl, 107fcra, 111cl, 120br, 122; NASA/ESA/ STSCI/Hubble Heritage Team 65bc; NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute 107fbr, 121crb; National Optical Astronomy Observatories 102-103; David Nunuk 5cra, 12c; Walter Pacholka-Astropics 80ca; David Parker 11r, 92c; David Parker-ESA/CNES/Arianespace 31bc; Physics Today Collection/ American Institute of Physics 97cr; George Post 55l; Ria Novosti 30clb, 38clb, 43cla, 120bl, 120cr (moon), 120fcla, 120fclb; Paul Robbens & Gus York 33br; Royal Observatory, Edinburgh 15bl; Royal Observatory, Edinburgh/AAO 5crb (nebula); John Sanford 28-29t, 107tc, 110-111 (moons), 111fbr; Friedrich Saurer 13bl, 15tr, 34tr, 36bl, 40cb, 42bl, 48c, 56cb, 64ca, 67tr, 81cra, 91tc, 97br, 104cb, 111ftr; Jerry Schad 106-107 (b/g), 107ftr, 109c; K. Sharon/Tel Aviv U./NASA/ESA/STSCI 22-23c; Dr Seth Shostak 89crb, 92-93c; Eckhard Slawik 107tl; SOHO/ESA/NASA 51ftr, 53c; Sheila Terry 78bl; US Geological Survey 56-57t, 65fcrb; Detlev Van Ravenswaay 5cr, 20-21l, 50-51, 51fcr, 65cb, 70-71, 81tr, 83cra; Victor Habbick Visions 90-91tc, 94-95; Richard J. Wainscoat, Peter Arnold Inc. 78br; F. Winkler, Middlebury College, MCELS Team/NOAO/AURA/NSF 15br; Frank Zullo 116bl. Though Spirit stopped working in 2009, Opportunity Scientists are always searching for ways is still operational. Interested in flipbooks about FIRST SPACE ENCYCLOPEDIA? supply extra power for lift-off. Scientists think there are about 400,000 million stars in the Milky Way galaxy, but there may be even more. Space contains some dust and gasspacecraftVehicle or device designed to travel in spacespace shuttle System used by the US government for 135 human space-flight missions from 1981 to 2011space station Space laboratory orbiting the Earth, operated by crews of astronauts who live there for weeks or monthsstar Self-heating ball of glowing gas Sun Star nearest to the Earth. Is that space? 45 information on a subject. Bits and parts that have fallen off other satellites or rockets are also floating around in space. The ISS has been Solar panels are used to put together in power the space station. He was sent up in capsule 7 km (just Vostok 1 on 12 April 1961 over 4 miles) above for a 108-minute flight. 6 What is the mix of gases that makes up our atmosphere called? No mountain in sight! Search the history of over 752 billion Communications satellites capture radio signals and send them to different places in the world. moons or ears. Download First Space Encyclopedia full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. PunchStock: Digital Archive Japan 52tl. December 20, 2019, 11:36:43 UTC (uncrewed) The Boeing CST-100 [a] Starliner [5] is a class of two partially reusable spacecraft designed to transport crew to the International Space Station (ISS) and other low-Earth-orbit destinations. There is no air in space, so there is absolute silence. ThErmosPhErE Fading away mEsosPhErE most experts agree that space begins at 100 km Our atmosphere does not just end (63 miles) above the ground. Star maps show the location of constellations as they can be seen from each hemisphere. The bag holds astronauts arms in place. 9780241188750. This is because as it uses up its fuel hydrogen its centre or core becomes smaller and hotter. Thats why looks lit up because the pictures below. The Milky Way Our solar system is a tiny part of a gigantic barred spiral galaxy, the Milky Way. Why is space What is space? One lunar rover reached a top speed of 22 kph (13.5 mph). The hot gas expands rapidly and is blasted downwards causing a force (the thrust) to push the rocket up. of space, from strange phenomena like black holes to the latest stunning images from the Hubble Telescope. 26 How long is a NASA astronauts training? to the back of the suit. The word astronomy comes from two Greek words astron, meaning star, and nemein, meaning to name.Can you name some of the well-known constellations?TorchBasic equipmentHere is a selection of the basic equipment you might find helpful.Star mapsIt may be worth buying a planisphere. Note the time, year, date, weather conditions, and location. wouldnt be able to stop at Barnards Star, because slowing down would need as much fuel as speeding up. First, many people trust us very well as the Space Encyclopedia (National Geographic Kids) PDF Online provider. 19 In a sphere of stars surrounding the galaxy, often in giant balls called globular clusters. A typical galaxy contains over 100,000 million stars. E-Book Overview Zoom off into the galaxy and investigate all the planets, from Earth to Mars with <em>First Space Encyclopedia. Make it larger Space tools are extra large so that astronauts can grab them in their bulky gloves. The and completed its last mission in tank was discarded eight minutes 2011. This diagram of the Cassiopeia constellation shows how the distances vary.The zodiacThis is an imaginary band within which the Sun, Moon, and planets appear to travel. What should you look for? It had completed a journey of 4.9 billion km (3.1 billion miles) and seven and a half years, before going into orbit around Ceres.2010Developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the spacecraft Hayabusa became the first to return asteroid samples to Earth. Astwroanvoems ferrosmdisdpnacteduisnctoivl e1r9r3a2d.io People need to get inside the dishes to carry out repairs and maintenance. They swirl a probe into Jupiters atmosphere. New arrivals When astronauts arrive at a space station, they bring supplies with them. Its very group of three stars called faint, so it cant be seen without Alpha Centauri. Plastic owls until they ran were later used to frighten out of fuel. The Sun contains 99.8 per cent of the total mass of the solar system. hands on The Universe Make your Dark mysteries own Universe by drawing dots and spirals around a flat We cant see everything in balloon to represent galaxies. 30-31 and service modules 4 The command orbit the Moon (one Moon astronaut remains on and service modules board) while the lunar reattach to the lunar module, which is still module lands. What is space? Spiral galaxies Barred spiral galaxies These disc-shaped galaxies spin slowly. The uploader already confirmed that they had the permission to publish it. Where in the world?12911: This radio telescope was used by SETI to search for alien life.12: This meteor crater in Western Australia was formed between one and two million years ago.9: This spacecraft was made in the Soviet Union and took the first pictures of the far side of the Moon.7: This Italian scientist built a simple telescope in 1609. One of the easiest to pick out is Orion by spotting the three bright stars that make up this hunters belt.107Space for everyone Thats big and getting bigger The galaxies are spread over such The Universe is still expanding, unimaginable distances that even a so all the galaxies are moving space probe would take two billion farther and farther apart. are struck by its beauty. 1: False there are 88 2: True 3: True 4: False every 75 or 76 years 5: True T h ep la n e tM a r s i sn a m e da f t e rth eR o m a n g o d d e s so flo v e .R a d io t e le s c o p e sa r eu s e d tod e t e c tu l t r a v io le tr a y sc o m in g f r o m s p a c e .The Saturn Vis the largest, most powe rful ro ckete v e rb u i l t .698T h eH u b bleS p a c eT e le s c o p e isc o n t r o l le d f r o m t h eE a r t h .7 Its fascinating. pp. 48 If interstellar travel means travel between the stars, what is intergalactic travel? A perfect first visual reference book for children ages 7-10 eager to learn about all things science, now revised and updated. Just take a look at the following.Space technologyCordless toolsSpace scientists and power-tool designers together made cordless tools so astronauts could drill rocks on the Moon. Mary Evans Picture Library: 8l, 95tr. the Sun. IndexAair 7, 35Aldrin, Buzz 34, 120aliens 89, 92Alpha Centauri 21Apollo 11 spacecraft 32-33, 34, 35, 120Ariane 5 rocket 30-31Armstrong, Neil 33, 34, 35, 120asteroid 14, 50, 75, 77, 82-83, 84-85 Eros 84-85 Itokawa 84asteroid belt 50, 82-83astronaut 4, 5, 24, 26-27, 28-29, 32, 33, 39, 40-41, 42-43, 99astronomy 8, 106-118Atlantis shuttle and orbiter 6, 37atmosphere 6, 21, 35, 60, 64, 66, 72Bbar codes 119 Barnards Star 48bicycle wheels 119Big Bang 88, 96-97black hole 11, 98-99CCallisto (Jupiters moon) 50, 68-69Camelopardalis 115Cassini orbiter 121Cassini-Huygens orbiter-probe 25, 71Celestial sphere 112Centaurus 117Cepheus 115Ceres 74-75, 83Challenger orbiter 37, 87Chandra telescope 11Charon (Plutos moon) 75clothes 28, 29Collins, Mike 34Columbia orbiter 37comet 14, 50, 56, 76-87command module 32, 33, 34 constellations 106, 112-117Copernicus 8cordless tools 118CoRoT satellite 101cosmonaut 24, 30crop circles 90Curiosity rover 46DDaedalus 48dark matter 23Darwin telescope 101Dawn spacecraft 121Deimos (Marss moon) 64Delta 2spacecraft 87Discovery orbiter 37dust 4, 14, 50, 64, 102dwarf planet 14, 74-75, 83dwarf star 21, 103EFEarth 5, 6, 8, 14-15, 22, 34, 35, 50, 51, 53, 60-61, 62-63, 64, 66, 74, 87, 110escape velocity 31Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) 28, 29Endeavourorbiter 37Enterprise spacecraft 49Eros asteroid 84-85Europa (Jupiters moon) 50, 68-69exoplanets 101exosphere 6fairing 7, 30fuel tank 7, 31, 36GGagarin, Yuri 30, 120Gaia satellite 7galaxy 15, 16-17, 22, 97Galilei, Galileo 8, 67, 68Galileo telescope 67, 82, 83Ganymede (Jupiters moon) 50, 68-69gas 4, 6, 14, 30, 60, 66, 72, 102Gliese 581 star 100132Reference section Great galaxies get mucky Paint your own galaxy with white paint on black paper. Some people cite them as evidence of life beyond the Earth Universe Everything that exists the Earth, Moon, Sun, all planets and all galaxies, and even those we havent discovered yet131Glossary pp. Walking on the Moon In the 1960s, Apollo mission astronauts would practice moon-walking by moving along a wall while suspended at an angle by heavy cables. What is space? Before the telescope Copernicus placed the Sun at the centre of the People were shocked when Polish planets. The flight lasted 70 hours, 50 minutes and orbited the Earth 48 times.1969The first human to step on the Moon was Neil Armstrong from Apollo 11. Five orbiters were built. Dennis Petronella Recommended for you. Reach for the stars in the updated First Space Encyclopedia!Explore the planets and discover amazing facts about nearby galaxies. Astronauts use combs, toothbrushes, and toothpaste. It is now used on the International Space Station. Space is the US astronaut These buttons When people think name we give to the Michael Gernhardt give extra weird of space, they think huge empty areas in went on four andwonderful of the following: between the atmospheres separate space of stars and planets. To do this effectively, is where the air is clearest. Still in operation today, it is powered by large solar panels and orbits the Earth at an altitude of 360 km (225 miles).2004Cassini, the first craft to orbit Saturn, sends back the clearest photographs ever of Saturns ring system. A delightful first reference book about space for young astronomers, First Space Encyclopedia takes readers on a journey through the universe, from the beginning of space itself to current space technology. astronauts walk on the Moon. 40-41 Experts believe its just under 14 billion years old. The largest for 175 days (of which space station ever built, 24 were occupied). First Dinosaur Encyclopedia Introduce your child to the awe-inspiring prehistoric w. 9.99 First Space Encyclopedia Zoom off into the galaxy and investigate all the planet. Gradually, these draw in more and more gas and dust to form huge clouds called nebulae. Is that space? The NASA rover Opportunity holds the off-Earth roving record by mid-2015 it completed 42.4 km (26.4 miles) on Mars. We dont know whether Proxima Centauri has planets 21 or not. Find out what it takes to be an astronaut, what it is like to live in space, and what they take with them in their suitcases! for sending and receiving signals 9 from the Earth Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity. DK Images: Science Museum, London 8bl, 86tr, 118ftl; NASA 7bl, 44, 53tc, 69cb, 77clb (comet), 99cb, 99clb, 99cr, 101tl, 121ftl; NASA/Finley Holiday Films 68 (jupiter); NASA/JPL 51br, 66cl; Natural History Museum, London 80tl.
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