Boy, can you imagine that today being applied in the case of, say, a teenager who not out of any malice or necessarily any negligencethere was some sort of an accident and someone was killed in an automobile accident; can you imagine that teenager having to be sent off for years away from the family because of an accidental or an unintentional death that was caused? This refers to unintentional killing as opposed to murder (which is used as intentional killing, whether its premeditated or whether its in the heat of the moment). By doing this, two principles were achieved: But even if the manslayer was found innocent of the crime and was vindicated he did not get off completely. Amen. 3. The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble (Psalm 9:9). Incorporated into the law of Moses, these cities were to be an essential element of the Israelite justice system: They offered temporary sanctuary to people accused of murder, and permanent asylum for those found guilty of manslaughter, the accidental killing of another human. In this law its established that when you go to a city of refuge, you have to stay there until the high priest dies. This would be followed by the solemn renunciation of responsibility by the community which had dwelled nearest his body. He made it clear Himself when He said: I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life; no man cometh unto the father, but by Me (Jn. He just takes all of that out and He says, This is how were going to feed the Levites, and this is how much land theyre going to get, and these are the cities theyre going to get, and this is how were going to distribute where those cities are going to be. And so the Lord is wisely and kindly providing for the Levites. Theyre carrying out pastoral care in the midst of Gods people. Where were the Cities of Refuge Located? Thirdly, did you notice that God establishes that there is going to be pastoral care literally distributed throughout the whole land of Canaan, the whole land of whats going to be the nation of Israel, and its going to be done proportionate to what? Safety was only within the city of refuge and the only caution was that if he wandered at anytime outside the city limits during his time there, it would be at the risk of his own life should be avenger find him (Num 35:24-28). Paul in Romans gives a very good description of the spiritual aspect of the flesh. When a man was murdered, a near kinsman avenged his blood. The cities that you give to the Levites shall be the six cities of refuge, where you shall permit the manslayer to flee, and in addition to them you shall give forty-two cities. A refugee's home area could be a country, state, or region.People become refugees for many reasons, including war, oppression, natural disasters, and climate change. The avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meets him. to a City of Refuge shall not be less than 32 cubits, and "Refuge Refuge" shall be written at the crossroads so that manslayers may know [the way] and turn there. The lessons that come to us from the cities of refuge are instructive and help to broaden our understanding and deepen our appreciation for the sinners provision made available through the finished work of Christ. When we look at the rules involved with the cities of refuge we see that it is representative of the salvation of Christ. mercy. The manslayer could only leave the city of refuge after the death of the high priest. [Of course its God doing this; Moses is saying, Enough of that. Across that beneficial band, several cities already exhibit certain characteristics that will attract migrants - superior education, affordable living, a pleasant quality of life, moderate to low housing costs. And you want to say, Wait a second! specialized enduro frame. And thus ends this reading of Gods holy, inspired, and inerrant word. His father and his brothers then sought out a blood vendetta against this Muslim family! They were Gods provision for the protection of the guilty offender. The surprising thing when we look through the scriptures is that we can find no actual example recorded of someone actually using the cities of refuge. The defilement of sin, in the matter of taking life, was extended to the community. Let's start with Ithaca Home to Cornell University, two of every three residents hold a bachelor's degree, double the national average. 3. 2:8). But the Law did make a clear distinction between premeditated murder and unintentional manslaughter. The question of intent could be decided in an impartial court, so that the interests of the slain mans family could also be safeguarded, for the cities of refuge were never intended to harbour murderers. Because of his actions, the manslayer needed protection from the avenger of blood and this he received when he fled to a city of refuge. And then when the high priest dies, then you can come out of that city and go back to your family. Six such cities, spread throughout the Promised Land, were appointed by Moses and later by Joshua, under Jehovah's direction. So we can see from these two readings that in the case of deliberate murder, the Law permitted the Avenger of Blood to exact punishment, essentially a life for a life. The pasturelands of the cities, which you shall give to the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city outward a thousand cubits all around. Third, all of this is so clear to those of you who are attorneys. Hawaiian Tikis Standing at the Place of Refuge, Kona, Hawaii. The cities of refuge were part of the distribution of the Promised Land among the twelve tribes of Israel. 4. And once the step of faith has been taken toward Christ, God provides a clear road that brings the guilty sinner to the place of refuge. 1 "the lord also spake unto joshua, saying, 2 speak to the children of israel, saying, appoint out for you cities of refuge, whereof i spake unto you by the hand of moses: 3 that the slayer that killeth any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood. THE RULES. 4:35 read. Jehovahs law on the sanctity of blood was very explicit. Lets look at these two things briefly together tonight. When the earth was still new and the stain of sin still fresh on its face, God made provision for the punishment of murder. And then God himself appointed men within each tribe that were going to be in charge of breaking out the allotments of land to the various families within that tribe. The city is characterized by: A high population density , that is, there are many inhabitants in relation to the size of the city. The manslayer in Israel accidentally committed an action that he would have avoided if he could have. 22nd in series on Joshua. Easy access to various media . And as for the cities that you shall give from the possession of the people of Israel, from the larger tribes you shall take many, and from the smaller tribes you shall take few; each, in proportion to the inheritance that it inherits, shall give of its cities to the Levites.. Establish six cities of refuge: three on the far side of the Jordan River, and three in the Land of Canaan. A wonderful tool! Live differently than the unholy nations around us. All the cities of refuge were Levitical cities. Were not going to play a blood feud that goes on for centuries and centuries.. A literal translation of the Hebrew phrase means a city of intaking.. Shechem means strong The same merciful Savior who provided those temporal cities of refuge, has by the shedding of His own blood provided for the transgressors of Gods law a sure retreat, into which they may flee for safety from the second death. And while he was meeting with this friend, this friend (who was a young Israeli) spoke to a classmate of his at Harvard who was a Muslim woman. In the end, our city of refuge, always, is Jesus. One of his roles was to expiate innocently shed blood. At City of Refuge, we know that transformation only takes place CITIES OF REFUGE. Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah.Kirjatharba signifies City of the Four which typically points to the Holy City of the Age to come. Parashas Masei Cities of Refuge. The cities of refuge were six of those forty-eight Levite cities. [ joshua 20:1 the lord also spake unto joshua, saying, 2 speak to the children of israel, saying, appoint out for you cities of refuge, whereof i spake unto you by the hand of moses: 3 that the slayer that killeth any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood. Sermon: Cities of Refuge Stan Cox August 11, 2008 0 125 In Israel's covenant with God, cities of refuge were established, that allowed one who had taken a life accidentally to flee and escape the wrath of any avenger until such time as the congregation could rule on his fate. If someone takes the life of another, they are to drop everything and immediately make haste to one of these cities, lest the nearest kinsman of the deceased avenge the victim. As born-again believers, we become the temple of Gods very presence. 1. As long as there was no hint of premeditation and death appeared to be accidental, the manslayer could flee to any one of these cities and be sheltered. It was also known as Kirjath Arba (Josh. And then further, six of those 48 Levitical cities are established as cities of refuge, and a series of instructions are given regarding maintaining the lands purity by not defiling it with the blood of the victims of murder, and you see that focused on in verses 9-34. If an animal or a man kills. Their gates were always open. The purpose is for him or her to release the anointing and ministry that God All the cities of refuge were Levitical cities. Ligon Duncan (MDiv, Covenant Theological Seminary; PhD, University of Edinburgh) is the Chancellor & CEO of Reformed Theological Seminary, the John E. Richards Professor of Systematic and Historical Theology, and the President of RTS Jackson. What are some of the outstanding characteristics of these cities that make them similar to the work of Christ? The characteristics of the cities. But just as the manslayer had a place of refuge, so too the world has a shelter in the Lord Jesus ChristGods perfect provision for sin. How do these evolve over time? Kadesh, Shechem, and Hebron were to the west of the Jordan River; Golan, Ramoth-Gilead, and Bezer were to the east of the Jordan River. Since God has given to them cities and God has given to them animals and God has given to them pasture lands, theyre able to go out and help the poor. In the case of both the cities of refuge and the demand for the death penalty, do you see that God is trying to impress upon the children of Israel that you must be very careful with life? Five cities of refuge are selected for the comparative framework, with European cities being the primary empirical domains.Athens, Berlin, London are currently experiencing the shocks of the "refugee crisis", even if differentially; Los Angeles and Hong Kong have long experiences as cities of refuge and thus provide a spatial and temporal comparative dimension to the analysis. You know we said that after all this wandering in the wilderness indeed, after 430 years since God said to Abraham that He was going to give his family the land it could have been a big hoo-hah when they got in the land and people started actually inheriting the land. This is about the cities of refuge: 1) Jesus is our refuge 2) The church is part of God's plan to provide refuge 3) Not everybody wants refuge. He beared our iniquity in the shedding of his own blood. And so well close this book with that. By using our website, you accept our use of cookies. Secondly, and this is perhaps the strangest thing for us, these laws are designed to break a cycle of sin. Genesis 9:5 Surely for your lifeblood I will demand a reckoning; from the hand of every beast I will require it, and from . their anointing. The avenger of blood shall himself put the murderer to death; when he meets him, he shall put him to death. Pursued by an Avenger (Numbers 35:19) Refuge from Death (1 Corinthians 15:54-57) The City of Refuge Is Accessible by All (Numbers 35:15) The City of Refuge Is Near to All (Deuteronomy 19:3) Released from the City of Refuge by the High Priests Death (Numbers 35:25) Life Ensured in the the City of Refuge (Numbers 35:26-28) No Other Alternative. Additionally, the manslayer was allowed to return safely to his home on the death of the high priest. That wrongly and deliberately taking a life whether its premeditated or in the heat of passion is so serious that it requires the taking of the life of the one who wrongly took life? And so we see Gods kindness and His wisdom in providing the Levites what they needed, even though they didnt get land like the other tribes. So in the cases of taking of a life through murder the whole community was involved. Pass by the man in need, whereas God has appointed them to be in the midst of Israel and in the midst of the tribes to do what? The murderer shall be put to death. Jude 1:22 And of some have compassion, making a difference: 23 And others save with fear, pulling [them] out of the fire; hating even the garment spotted by the flesh. Divide the land the Lord your God is giving you Away from heat and floods, low-cost and often highly educated. Characteristics. The cities of refuge are mentioned several times in the Bible (Exodus 21:12-13; Numbers 35:9-34; Deuteronomy 4:41-43; 19:1-13; and Joshua 20:1-9). 35:10-34 and Deut. This is a correlation to the 2 first qualities, because a diverse population with high interaction make any city thriving and lively. Therefore we are forever safe in Him. Now, her Muslim male relatives took this as an affront on her family honor. A refuge city was no more than a half day journey from any spot in the promised land (Woods). Why? This type of ministry comes from Numbers 35, Deuteronomy 19, and Joshua 20 distinguishes eight David lamented Died Abner as a fool dies? (2 Sam 3:33), mourning Abners death at the hand of Joab who killed him just outside the gates of the refuge city of Hebron. If they deemed it was not accidental, he would be turned over to the avenger of blood who could lawfully require the life of the manslayer at his own hand (Deut. If they were found to be guilty of deliberate, premeditated murder, they were then punished accordingly; if it was some kind of accident or . Secondly, though, if you look at verses 9-34, you see that of these forty-eight cities, six of them are going to be appointed cities of refuge. CITIES OF REFUGE. Paul is saying in these verses that as believers and sinners we flee for the safety of the city of refuge. To be of any use, a city of refuge had to be accessible. Promised in Num. Joshua was always scrupulously obedient to the requirements of God which were given to Moses. "Whosoever" needed to flee to one of the cities was free to do so, whether or not he was Various patterns are established here for the rule of law. `are ha-miqlaT; poleis ton phugadeuterion (compare 1 Macc 10:28), and other forms): 1. But, but, but, but outside of these cities, blood vengeance against such perpetrators was allowed by law. Choose one of the following. So when we have come under the protection of Jesus as the great High Priest we will have his protection for ever. How like those who foolishly put off trusting Christ, and like Abner are in jeopardy of dying as a fool dies outside Gods appointed place of refuge. And even in the case of unintentional killing, life is so important and were to be so careful with it that its going to require exile for a number of years in a city of refuge if you were involved in the taking of that life. Dr. Ligon Duncan | April 30, 2008. The cities shall be theirs to dwell in, and their pasturelands shall be for their cattle and for their livestock and for all their beasts. After the LORD was sorry that He had made man on the earth, sent a flood and saved only Noah and his family, God implemented a blood for blood policy. Three were to be established in the wilderness on the east side of Jordan, and three were to be located on the west side of the Jordan in Canaan (v.14). By so doing, the charge of deliberate murder against the Son of God that could have been made against the people, was in a sense reduced to manslaughterthus opening the way to Gods City ofRefuge for unintentional killing of His Sonthe Lord Jesus Christ. May He write its eternal truth upon all our hearts. No other place of city offered the same protection as these. Only one tribe, the Levites, was not given land to develop. 1:13). 21:12-14; Num. cities of refuge. In Christ, believers have a great High Priest whose priesthood is unchanging, One who ever liveth to make intercession for us (Heb. In the ancient Near East, and even in the Middle East today, even accidental killing can lead to family vendettas that exist for centuries. The Lord redeems the life of his servants; none of those who take refuge in him will be condemned. Because God is in our midst. We can read about this in Genesis chapter 9 and verses 5 and 6. Empowering communities by investing in children an. Si vous aimez ce que vous voyez, Une quipe soude avec diffrents corps de mtier travaille au quotidien pour mettre a disposition des produits sain et naturel, Notre support disponible pour aider nos clients 24h/24 et 7j/7, best polish for antique mahogany furniture, How To Fix Automatic Transmission Not Shifting, How To Multiply Radicals With Variables And Exponents. It was not something they conceived, but rather in the heart and mind of God, who instructed them to establish these cities. In Muslim law you would never ever speak to a woman unaccompanied by her family members. Why, those Levites, theyre living mighty high on the hog with all the pasture land that theyve got!] No, the Lord just sets it out and He says this is going to be how much land they get around each of the cities, and He does this to squelch any complaint about the land which the Levites are going to receive. To guard against a miscarriage of justice, Cities of Refuge were appointed where the accused could flee so that his case may be properly considered free from the emotionalism that death usually brings with it. So a rule of testimony is made. Six such cities, spread throughout the Promised Land, were appointed by Moses and later by Joshua, under Jehovahs direction. 19:3), these cities were readily accessible to anyone who would need the. The way on Society of Phenomenology may study Characteristic of the city. This week's parshah (Shoftim) deals, in part, with the issue of asylum. Jeered by a crowd representing all humanity, Christ cried out from the cross, Father, forgive them for they know not what they do. Ignorant of who He really wasGod manifest in fleshthey erroneously believed that they were only crucifying a man who claimed to be the Son of God. A place of refuge for slaves, debtors, political offenders, and criminals; a sacred spot, a sanctuary, altar, or grave, protected by the presence of a deity or other supernatural being, and sharing his inviolability. Refuge had been prophesied and refuge cities promised. In Jesus Christ, we have a priest who has entered into Heaven itself, and who as yet, has not come out. If you peek ahead, youll notice that Numbers 36 has to do with a change in inheritance laws in Israel, and that change in inheritance laws stems from a conversation that some godly daughters of Israel had with Moses, and with Gods instructing Moses to change the inheritance laws in the case of fathers who died with no male successor [with no son as a successor] but with daughters who were in his family and his household. Or if he struck him down with a wooden tool that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. He had to stay within the city of refuge for the rest of the life of the high priest. God showed grace without compromising the value of human life when He provided the cities of refuge for those who committed manslaughter. And then, sixth and finally, in verses 33-34, you see the rationale for all these above commands. A wonderful tool! But if he struck him down with an iron object, so that he died, he is a murderer. He that heareth My Word and believeth on Him that sent Me hath everlasting life and shall not come into condemnation, but is passed from death unto life (Jn. Conceived by God, the appointment of these cities was the primary responsibility of Moses who was instructed to select six cities from among the 48 Levitical cities prior to entering theland of Canaan (Num. Verse seven and eight of Joshua chapter twenty list out the six cities. The meanings of these names seem planned especially to foreshadow this spiritual application. In giving the Levites cities and pasturelands, and in placing the Levites cities throughout all the tribes proportionately to the size of the tribes, God shows His wise and kind provision both for His servants the Levites and for the rest of His people. An example of this is when Cain was called to account for Abels death. In the Law of Moses, the Levites are given six towns as cities of refuge.. Well, God came up with an answer to that. Biblical Data (, "inviolable"): A place of refuge for slaves, debtors, political offenders, and criminals; a sacred spot, a sanctuary, altar, or grave, protected by the presence of a deity or other supernatural being, and sharing his inviolability. The Purpose of the Cities of Refuge. Sort by relevance 2. A way to preserve a race, fast spiraling into . 2a1.2 Objectives Cities of Refuge will contribute to a sustainable long-term solution to the refugee crisis within Europe, and to strengthening of human rights research in general, via: A standard-setting legal overview of the responsibilities that international human rights law imposes directly upon local governments in a context of multilevel constitutionalism, thus Mexico covers 1,972,550 square kilometers (761,610 sq mi), [11] making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with approximately 126,014,024 inhabitants, [1] it is the 10th-most-populous country and has the most Spanish-speakers. Num. Wait a second, David! To start our consideration of the Cities of Refuge we need to firstly consider the nature of flesh. Ye shall give three cities on this side Jordan, and three cities shall ye give in the land of Canaan, which shall be cities of refuge. The Cities of Refuge . No doubt theyre involved in visiting people who are sick and helping people who are in need. Even the avenger of blood is a type of Christ for at the second coming Jesus comes with justice and in righteousness He judges and wages war. has prepared for them, which results in a lifestyle change during the production of works of He has authored, co-authored, edited, or contributed to numerous books. Whenever blood was shed, the sin which had contributed to the mans death, and was represented by his blood, was absorbed by the land which was defiled as a consequence. They must remove all impediments and obstacles bridges should be built (over all natural barriers) so as not to delay one who is fleeing to [the city of refuge]. 3. If he was deemed innocent, then he was allowed to stay within the city until the death of the high priest, at which time he was allowed to return safely to his hometown. As the manslayer, fleed to one of the cities of refuge to be absolved from the responsibility of the sin of his actions, the same principle applies for those who seek refuge in Christ for identification with Christ absolves the sin. The refugee was free to leave after the death of the high priest (Numbers 35:25). Numbers 35 and Deuteronomy 19 give the possible scenarios in which a person could qualify for the protection offered by these cities. Arriving at the gates of the city, he would have to declare his case before the elders who would judge whether or not it was an accidental killing (Josh. Murders so serious that ransom is not allowed for it. Include images of buildings, transport, culture and businesses, and produce a collage with labels. The provisions made for the innocent manslayer did have a spiritual significance. a. Prophesied in Exo. 20:1-9) God gives thorough instruction for the establishment and use of cities of refugeplaces designated as a safe haven for the manslayer. characteristics of the cities of refuge? Sydney, Australia. 2. But if the manslayer shall at any time go beyond the boundaries of his city of refuge to which he fled, and the avenger of blood finds him outside the boundaries of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the manslayer, he shall not be guilty of blood. These laws that are made in verses 9-34 all relate to manslaughter [which is not technically what we call manslaughter in modern law]. In Jesus name. This concept indicates that the high priest represented all who sought refuge, and bore the iniquity of the spilled blood to his own grave. We "have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us: which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which enters into that within the veil" ( Heb. Mexico is organized as a federal republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital. Further, the concept of the cities of refuge did not originate with Moses or Joshua, but was provided by God. But there is a important principle that comes into play here. Conduct some research to find images of New York that reflect its characteristics. The church is to be the holy sanctuary or temple of Gods presence. The first one listed is Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali. (This is why Jesus parable of the good Samaritan is so damning of the Levites and the priests of His day, because as theyre making their way down to Israel, the Levite and the priest do what? The cities of refuge served to modify the harshness of an impersonal application of the law of retribution which demanded punishment equal to the crime committed (e.g., Gen 9:6; Exod 21:12-14; Lev 24:17; Ezek 18:20). I. No one followed him. So dont go on sinning. The cities of refuge were just that, places of safety to which innocent people could flee when needed, to prevent injustice being perpetrated against them. In the same way today, it is the responsibility of the church to decide whether one who seeks for affiliation is genuinely seeking for refuge. The Lord spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying, Command the people of Israel to give to the Levites some of the inheritance of their possession as cities for them to dwell in. The actual distribution of the cities of refuge was based on the geography of the area. The first thing that we learn from this passage is the respect for the sanctity of life that God is trying to foster in the land of Israel. The root meaning is "to take up, to harbor." Schmid holds that it is an old tradition found in Deuteronomy and later modified by the Priestly writer. Others plan to use open land to host large numbers of RVs or to construct vast tent cities. 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