Maximalism is particularly popular among younger generations, particularly millennials, who were eager to incorporate plants, eclectic colors, and other accessories into their spaces, Cook adds. It includes, by definition, any music that works with limited or minimal materials: pieces that use only a few notes, pieces that use only a few words of text, or pieces written for very limited instruments, such as antique cymbals, bicycle wheels, or whiskey glasses. He describes "minimalism": The idea of minimalism is much larger than many people realize. The minimalist approach to music is marked by a non-narrative system that calls the listener to focus on the process or phases of the musical composition or score and promotes active listening rather than serving as a mere backdrop for other activities. Why I Created a Minimalist Capsule Wardrobe. The musical style known as minimalism emphasizes repetition, shifting rhythmic patterns, and composition concepts that extend beyond traditional classical music. He created one of the most beautiful minimalist portfolio websites to showcase his work and promote himself. The Minimalists, who believed that Action painting was too personal and insubstantial, adopted the point of view that a work of art should not refer to anything other than itself. Photo by Michael Byun, Ive been called a minimalist composer for more than 30 years, and while Ive never really agreed with the description, Ive gotten used to it.Philip Glass. The father of minimalist music is arguably Terry Riley, whose 1964 composition In C is generally considered the first work of musical minimalism. It originated in the New York Downtown scene of the 1960s and was initially viewed as a form of experimental music called the New York Hypnotic School. [16] Others who have been associated with this compositional approach include Gavin Bryars, Michael Nyman, Michael Parsons, Howard Skempton, Dave Smith, and John White. Less time worrying about other people's opinions. Minimalism arose later in the 20th century as a reaction to the complexity, . Words become unintelligible and are replaced by the rhythmic and tonal patterns of the spoken syllables. 1995. 2003. If not, a minimalist will make the decision to let go. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/art/Minimalism, Khan Academy - An Introduction to Minimalism, Minimalism - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). 1987. ", This page was last edited on 14 October 2022, at 08:15. Some good reasons may include: Minimalism encourages us to focus on more important things By being intentional about what we have and what we choose to keep, minimalism encourages us to place importance on these things and less on mindless clutter - this pertains to physical, mental, and emotional clutter in our lives. "Andriessen: (4) Louis Andriessen". By Jennifer McCartney. The lifestyle has helped people to be inspired to pursue their passions and craft their life in a way that brings them the most joy. The piece begins with both players clapping a basic rhythm in unison. "Minimalism, Postminimalism, and the Resurgence of Tonality in Recent American Music". The meaning of life doesn't depend on how many things you have and not on how much anxiety you have, but how much compassion you have for other people. They say if your song sounds great with simple accompaniment, you're onto something. It is unclear where the term minimal music originates. La Monte Young, another early pioneer of minimalism, also worked with the barest means possible. For many the appeal of minimalism comes from the idea that your life can be simplified and streamlined without sacrificing quality. In Minimalist visual arts, the personal, gestural elements were stripped away in order to reveal the objective, purely visual elements of painting and sculpture. In, Sweeney-Turner, Steve. In fact, in terms of productivity minimalism is solely focused on quality over quantity. They quickly slip out of sync; gradually the discrepancy widens and becomes a reverberation. Ten reasons why The Minimalists are annoying 1. However, two of these definitions of minimalismaesthetic and styleno longer accurately represent the music that is often given that label." The desire for minimalism was only to have less financial stress in starting up a new career. The most simplistic definition of minimalism is that it is objective, literal, and pushed to extreme simplicity. It is not. Perhaps the most futuristic work of minimalism to emerge from the disco sphere, though, was Donna Summer and Giorgio Moroders evergreen I Feel Love. Its techniques are routinely used in film music as well as in the popular music of groups like the Velvet Underground and in the ambient music of Brian Eno. Nevertheless, there is valuable information here on what is arguably the most significant musical movement of the late 20th century. Prominent features of minimalist music include repetitive patterns or pulses, steady drones, consonant harmony, and reiteration of musical phrases or smaller units. Minimal music (also called minimalism)[2][3] is a form of art music or other compositional practice that employs limited or minimal musical materials. Start Here; Popular; Archives; . Reacting against the complex, intellectually sophisticated style of modern music, several composers began to compose in a simple, literal style, thereby creating an extremely simple and accessible music. To be clear, here are thirteen reasons why I don't believe in them. It was a direct rejection of the 19th centurys idea of Darwinian progress that had been at the core of modernism. Already in 1965 the art historian Barabara Rose had named La Monte Youngs Dream Music, Morton Feldmans characteristically soft dynamics, and various unnamed composers all, to a greater or lesser degree, indebted to John Cage as examples of minimal art,but did not specifically use the expression minimal music.. It includes pieces made exclusively from recordings of rivers and streams. Photo 1 by Ana Cuba. By 1967, The Velvet Underground were already prising minimalism out of the art-world and into the rock n roll domain. Bands like Wire, Throbbing Gristle and particularly Joy Division (aided by the cavernous, dub-savvy production of Martin Hannett), made music that was sparse and spatially aware. Muhly will explore the Glass archive in a performance inStanford Live's 202021 season. Tom Johnson, one of the few composers to self-identify as minimalist, also claims to have been first to use the word as new music critic for The Village Voice. Humans have naturally run barefoot for almost all of their time on earth. More Time Minimalists spend less time cleaning, less time deciding what to wear, less time shopping, less time looking for lost itemsand honestly? For that reason they attempted to rid their works of any extra-visual association. A look inside the greats of the minimalism arts movement, A shape, a volume, a color, a surface is something itself. He was also an influential teacher; among his most significant pupils were . Famous pieces that use this technique are the number section of Glass' Einstein on the Beach, Reich's tape-loop pieces Come Out and It's Gonna Rain, and Adams' Shaker Loops. Minimalism is something we take for granted. The music of Reich and Glass drew early sponsorship from art galleries and museums, presented in conjunction with visual-art minimalists like Robert Morris (in Glasss case), andRichard Serra, Bruce Nauman, and the filmmaker Michael Snow (as performers, in Reichs case). It is aesthetic that is thightly connected to broader spectrum of social development and continuosly reinvented and adapted to fit different eras. Table of Contents [ Show] minimalism art. Come the noughties, in the wake of Hood and Basic Channel, not to mention Pan Sonic, Wolfgang Voigt, Jan Jelinek and Pole ,minimal would be the catch-all term for the sound of modern house and techno, with the aptly named M-nus and Kompakt labels leading the way. In music in particular, minimalism was the single most important idea of the last century, the one that made possible virtually all that we now listen to and hold dear, from punk and techno to ambient and grime. Minimal music is an aesthetic, a style, or a technique of music associated with the work of American composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass. Fr Alina makes minimal use of the notes of the piano to portray an evocative and sublime moment of calm. Why Minimalism Is BS. First, it can create a more impactful score. In the realm of 20th century music, "minimalism" refers to music that often features short phrases . Philip Glass believes Tom Johnson coined the phrase.[10][11][12]. [clarification needed] In 1963, Riley made two electronic works using tape delay, Mescalin Mix and The Gift, which injected the idea of repetition into minimalism. Once I had that chord sound and a particular pattern I realized I didnt need anything else. However, the Minimalist composers also noticed that Webern, for example, created a stasis with his music by having a certain note in the series always appear in the same octave register. Hearing Reichs Piano Phase in 1967, and like him drawing influence from the musics of India and Africa, Philip Glass simplified his own compositional style, and set about creating works that relied upon phasing and loop patterns. In 1965, the art critic Richard Wollheim coined the term minimal art to describe art that reduced its materials and forms to fundamentals, art that was no longer intended to express the feelings or state of mind of the artist, an impersonal art that no longer attempted to be a window onto another world but referred only to itself. The new art favored the cool over the "dramatic": their . In 1964, Riley's In C made persuasively engaging textures from the layered performance of repeated melodic phrases. But minimalism in fashion is much more than a use of single color or a trend of simplicity. [22], One of the first minimalist compositions was November by Dennis Johnson, written in 1959. The early compositions of Glass and Reich are somewhat austere, with little embellishment on the principal theme. The St. Lawrence String Quartet performs Steve Reichs Different Trains at the 2019 Daniel Pearl World Music Days Concert in Bing Concert Hall. classical. MacDonald, Ian. Since minimalism art focuses on the use of simple and clear language using simple lines and pure colors. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Minimal music is an aesthetic, a style, or a technique of music associated with the work of American composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass. Minimalist music developed in America in the 1960s at the same time as a similar movement in the art world. Richard D. James, AKA Aphex Twin, had already shown an affinity with the phasing and pulsation of classic minimalism in his sensational Selected Ambient Works 85-92 album, but its sequel, Selected Ambient Works Volume II (1994), took things to a whole new level of poise and tonal sophistication. Modern artists have imbibed the mantras of minimalism and have created new ways for this musical philosophy to live on in new and original ways. Stress and anxiety are hands down the top reasons why people become minimalists. July 23, 2022by Jennie Figueroa Minimalism emerged in New York in the early 1960s among artists who were self-consciously renouncing recent art they thought had become stale and academic. Subscribe Now This article was most recently revised and updated by Naomi Blumberg. In the 1950s, there's a broad development in complex compositions of academic nature characterized by chance and serialism; electronic music was grounded on mathematical studies. Its fascinating now to consider how the rip-it-up-and-start-again philosophy ushered in by punk chimed with the minimalist strategies of the American avant-garde. Its impact can be seen in interior design, tiny houses, decluttering, the sleek design of modern Scandinavian furniture, and the elegant minimalist surfaces of Steve Jobs Apple devices. The Marie Kondo cult is ruining you, says the author of the bestselling The Joy of Leaving Your Sh-t All Over the Place. Photo 2 Courtesy of Creative Commons, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. The simple materials, audible process, steady pulse, and slow change of harmony are classically minimalist, but the resulting multilayered texture is complex and magical. If you declutter your home, you might even make some money selling your stuff. A work for solo piano that lasted around six hours, it demonstrated many features that would come to be associated with minimalism, such as diatonic tonality, phrase repetition, additive process, and duration. 2001. Michael Nyman has pointed out that much of the charm of Steve Reich's early music had to do with perceptual phenomena that were not actually played, but resulted from subtleties in the phase-shifting process. Kiran Sande Starting in 1968 with 1 + 1, Philip Glass wrote a series of works that incorporated additive process (form based on sequences such as 1, 1 2, 1 2 3, 1 2 3 4) into the repertoire of minimalist techniques; these works included Two Pages, Music in Fifths, Music in Contrary Motion, and others. "You'll fill it up," people warned us. In Europe, the music of Louis Andriessen, Karel Goeyvaerts, Michael Nyman, Gavin Bryars, Steve Martland, Henryk Grecki, Arvo Prt and John Tavener exhibits minimalist traits. [34], Steve Reich has argued that such criticism is misplaced. He is currently the Creative Chair of the LA Phil, and curates its Minimalist Jukebox festival. [6][2][7][8][9] The movement originally involved dozens of composers, although only five (Young, Riley, Reich, Glass, and later John Adams) emerged to become publicly associated with American minimal music; other lesser known pioneers included Pauline Oliveros, Phill Niblock, and Richard Maxfield. It may include features such as additive process and phase shifting which leads to what has been termed phase music. It is based on the musical language and instrumentation of three very diffierent types: African percussion, Indonesian Gamelan and Western tonality. Minimalism arose later in the 20th century as a reaction to the complexity, structure, and perception of twelve-tone serialism as it developed at the hands of Schoenbergs disciples. He describes minimalism: The idea of minimalism is much larger than many people realize. A wave of new influences and rediscovered styles led younger artists to question conventional boundaries between various media. Minimalist music is an originally American genre of experimental or Downtown music named in the 1960s. Photo courtesy of Creative Commons. But the impact of minimalism has gone far beyond the arts. 2000. Budding entrepreneurs and designers alike make the mistake of thinking a logo design is an art form. [39] The experimental rock act The Velvet Underground had a connection with the New York down-town scene from which minimal music emerged, rooted in the close working relationship of John Cale and La Monte Young, the latter influencing Cale's work with the band. By the end of Johann Sebastian Bach's lifetime, Baroque music had become so complex that it literally broke down and ushered in the Classical era of music with its well structured forms. Minimal has now fallen out of fashion as a genre, but as an idea and practice it heartily persists. It was his 1976 opera Einstein on the Beach that brought him firmly into the public eye. As you'll see when you start reading, the aesthetic of minimalism means different things to different composers. In a way, minimalism created a bridge over which American composers could rejoin the rest of the non-European world.This is hardly a complete list of techniques and features of minimalist music, but it does constitute a family of character traits. [28], As Kyle Gann puts it, the tonality used in minimal music lacks "goal-oriented European association[s]". Because he was born 10 years after Reich and Glass, Adams never went through the pure, reductive, experimental early minimalist phase that they did. "Minimalism in music has been defined as an aesthetic, a style, and a technique, each of which has been a suitable description of the term at certain points in the development of minimal music.
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